In most of empirical studies based on almost ideal demand system (Aids), the elasticity of the price and income estimated by these equations resulted to some sensitive policy making recommendations in microeconomics and macroeconomics. It is in such a case that there is some doubt about reliability of Linear estimation of such models. In this study, the performance of Linear and non-Linear almost ideal demand system is under the investigation. For this purpose, seemingly unrelated regression (SURE) method will be applied to estimate Linear model and multilayered feed forward neural network (MFNN) is used to estimate a non-Linear one. The results indicate that multilayered feed forward neural network is associated with less error than the Linear model, and consequently, leads to a better estimation of almost ideal demand system. This result creates some hesitate on application of Stone price index for Linear zing estimation of almost ideal demand system. Therefore, it is suggested that feed forward neural network will be applied to estimate almost ideal demand systems.

In this paper, the formulation and creation of an enterprise-wide global production planning system for the semiconductor industry are described, using Linear optimization as the core planning technology. The objective is to generate production plans on a weekly or daily basis which are optimized to maximize customer service and cash flow in response to a prioritized statement of demand. When evaluating production alternatives, the system observes defined product and process structure relationships, as well as capacity and materials limitations within the various stages of manufacturing.

Polymerization shrinkage of light cure composite resins causes many complications in conservative and esthetic restorations. The objective of this in-vitro study was to evaluate the polymerization shrinkage, degree of conversion and the amount of filler in IDM and tetric ceram composites. Ten disks shaped, uncured specimens (8mm×1.547mm) of each composite were placed on glass slide in the center of the metal attached to it. Then specimens were light cured for 60s from underneath. After 30 minutes, the thickness of specimens, using a micrometer and the percent of the polymerization shrinkage of each sample were measured. Statistical analysis was carried out by t-test (P<0.05). Also the degree of conversion of specimens was evaluated with FTIR and the mineral filler content was measured by burning in electric oven. Polymerization shrinkage in IDM and tetric ceram was not significantly different. Degree of conversion and mineral filler content in tetric ceram was greater than that of IDM. It is assumed that the low degree of conversion in IDM is due to its chemical composition and filler content. Also, the similarity in Linear polymerization shrinkage between IDM and tetric ceram may be caused by the low degree of conversion in IDM.

The goal of the current study is to determine the optimal level of advertising beyond which advertising expenditure will not be justified by revenues. To achieve the goal first different types of media were rated by experts as to the degree of their importance. Then data ware collected by interviewing the managers and reviewing different media resources. The collected data were then analyzed using the ideal planning model. The results indicated that the best media for advertising is TV and that companies should consider the target market characteristics, product type and life cycle, analysis of advertising costs, available budget and finally, after summing up all these factors, select the best media for advertising. Considering all the above-mentioned factors will enable companies to increase their profit by means of ads.

The goal of all service institutions, including banks, is to provide appropriate and satisfactory services to customers. To measure service quality, in fact, the difference between what customers feel they should receive and the service they actually received,must be measured. In this research, by studying the characteristics and models of service quality, five quality indicators were weighted through the process of network analysis. The prioritized weights, in turn, were used in the ideal planning model to be used in selecting the best set of service quality measurement tools. The obtained results indicate that among the available options, considering the limitations that exist for the available hours of officials and managers,The best option is to survey customers in the bank in person.

While in recent years the notion of human resource alternated by human capital, the problem of absorbing, recruiting, and retaining competent employees and succession planning has become more important than past. The present study aimed at comparing the present and ideal positions of succession planning (SP) and talent management (TM) in Tehran’s public universities of which University of Tehran, Allame Tabatabaee University, Shahid Beheshti University, Tarbiat Moallem University, Al-Zahra University and Tarbiat Modaress University were randomly selected. The study was a descriptive-survey type. The statistical population was all of 6572 employees of Tehrans universities in different humanities field. According to Krejcie and Morgans table and using quota sampling, 354 of employees were selected. Research tool was Rosswel’s 30 item questionnaire consisted of six factors in present and ideal situations. Reliability of the questionnaire was estimated (0.75) using Cronbach alpha. Finally, 297 questionnaires were collected. The rate of return was 83 percent. Descriptive and inferential statistics including frequency, Wilcoxon test and analysis of variance were performed for data analysis. The results revealed that, there is a significant difference between present and ideal positions of SP in all of dimensions, as well as commitment about SP is the most important dimension of it. Therefore, the results showed the necessity of implementing the SP and TM in higher education. In addition, the founding shows the importance of senior management commitment and attention to providing the groundwork for the implementation of this program including informing employees of their current and future job responsibilities in educational institutions.

Spatial planning Desirable pattern of Ecolodges is a mental and objective image of stakeholder role at space context at the regional and local level at a given period of time, when a favorable and accessible landscape of the ideals and needs of the stakeholders Shows. This research has been done in a descriptive-survey method, which is based on a survey of experts, stakeholders and tourists in the value chain. The statistical population of the study (including 128 villages with 189 ecotourism Ecolodges in the 9th Territorial Region (North, Razavi and South Khorasan). According to the personal estimation method, 20% of the volume of the statistical population was used as a basis, which finally determined the number of 26 villages and 38 ecotourism Ecolodges. Data analysis was performed using SPSS and GIS software. The findings of the study based on the test results of ANOVA showed that the spatial planning of the value chain governance is the desirable Pattern of ecotourism Ecolodges in the study area. Also, the results of the T test showed that the level of desirability of each of the average pattern components is up to high, and in addition, Pearson correlation test results showed that between all the desirable pattern of Ecolodges, a significant relationship directly with different intensity intensity. And the results of the multi-criteria analysis model showed that the villages studied are not equal in in terms of design, management and pattern monitoring in the region.